Catatan Nota
Perkataan Disleksia berasal daripada gabungan 2 perkataan Greek/Yunani iaitu dys yang bermaksud kesukaran/kesusahan dan lexis yang bermaksud bahasa atau pertuturan. Jadi apabila ia digabungkan, ia membawa maksud kesukaran atau kesusahan dalam bahasa. Secara literalnya, dyslexia bermaksud kesukaran dalam bahasa.
In 1887, the word “dyslexia” was coined by Berlin, a German doctor, from 2 Greek words : Dys ( difficulty ) and Lexia ( the use of words ).
Beberapa definisi disleksia.
Bahagian Pendidikan Khas, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia
Murid-murid disleksia ialah murid-murid yang mengalami masalah pembelajaran yang mempunyai kecerdasan mental yang searas atau melebihi murid-murid biasa tetapi mempunyai kesukaran atau kelemahan yang tinggi dalam kemahiran mengeja, membaca dan menulis.
Definisi kedua
World Federation of Neurology pada tahun 1986.
a disorder manifested by difficulty in learning to read despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence and sociocultural opportunity.
Disleksia ialah satu kecelaruan pada kanak-kanak di mana, meskipun mereka melalui pengalaman bilik darjah konvensional, gagal menguasai kemahiran bahasa seperti membaca, menulis dan mengeja yang selaras dengan kemampuan intelektual mereka. (terjemahan)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Dyslexia is a brain-based type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person's ability to read. These individuals typically read at levels significantly lower than expected despite having normal intelligence. Although the disorder varies from person to person, common characteristics among people with dyslexia are difficulty with spelling, phonological processing (the manipulation of sounds), and/or rapid visual-verbal responding. In adults, dyslexia usually occurs after a brain injury or in the context of dementia. It can also be inherited in some families and so on, and recent studies have identified a number of genes that may predispose an individual to developing dyslexia.
Definisi keempat
Persatuan Disleksia Malaysia
Dyslexia is a reading difficulty in a child or adult who otherwise has good intelligence, strong motivation and adequate schooling……Dyslexia reflects a problem within the language system in the brain” (Shaywitz, 2003)
Definisi kelima
A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia.
Developmental reading disorder, also called dyslexia, is a reading disability that occurs when the brain does not properly recognize and process certain symbols.
SUMBER
Persatuan Disleksia Malaysia
Pubmed Online Jurnal
What's It Like Being Dyslexic (Video)
Buku Pengantar Pendidikan Khas
Buku Apa Itu Disleksia
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